This conflicting nature of memory has been linked to behavioral flexibility, the dysfunction of which is related to the autism spectrum disorder 1, 2.
#OLYMPUS SONORITY TRANSCRIBE BAR NOT SHOWING UP UPDATE#
The consolidated form of memory is not completely fixed, but depending on environmental changes, animals can either update or preserve their consolidated memory. Our data indicate that the flexibility of memory updating is determined through the initial activity-dependent transcription, providing a mechanism involved in defining memory state. Opening the gate through the compositional change in Rpd3/CoRest is required for memory consolidation, but closing the gate through Rpd3/CoRest is significant to limit future memory updating. Through proteomic analysis, we discovered that the compositional change in the transcriptional repressor, which contains the histone deacetylase Rpd3 and CoRest, acts as the gating mechanism that opens and closes the time window for activity-dependent transcription. Here, we explored the gating mechanism for activity-dependent transcription in memory consolidation, which is unexpectedly linked to the later memory updating in Drosophila. Although such conflicting regulation may happen during memory updating, the flexibility of memory updating may have already been determined in the initial memory consolidation process. These findings suggest that FvMYB24 could potentially be used as a positive regulator in transgenic plant breeding to improve the tolerance of strawberry plants to salt.Consolidated memory can be preserved or updated depending on the environmental change. However, FvMYB24 could only bind to the SOS1 promoter to mediate salt tolerance but not to the SOS2 and SOS3 promoters. An analysis of the cis-acting elements in the SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3 promoters revealed MYB-binding sites. Furthermore, our results also revealed that the overexpression of FvMYB24 up-regulated the expression of several stress-related genes ( AtSOS1, AtSOS2, AtSOS3, AtSOD, AtPOD, AtCAT1, AtNHX1, and AtLEA3) in response to salt stress, thus, enhancing the tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. The transgenic plants had higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) and the accumulation of proline, while these plants accumulated lower amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with the WT. Arabidopsis plants that overexpressed transgenic FvMYB24 exhibited a higher germination rate, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and longer root length than the wild type (WT) under salt stress. An expression analysis showed that FvMYB24 had a tissue- and stage-specific profile and was induced by salt treatment. In this study, the FvMYB24 gene that encodes an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor was cloned and characterized.
Salinity is one of the major environmental stresses that limit crop growth and productivity.